The World Energy Outlook 2008
Global Carbon Project contributed to the city modeling and analyses and took lead in China cities analyses. For more information on the contribution of Global Carbon Project to World Energy Outlook 2008 and other add-on studies on Urban Energy Use and Cities carbon Emission in China and East Asian Mega-cities contact Shobhakar Dhakal
About this Publication
The World Energy Outlook produced every year by the International Energy Agency is the most prestigious source of world energy supply and demand trends. Recognizing the interrelationship between increasing energy demand, urbanization and CO2 emissions, World Energy Outlook 2008 has, for the first time, estimated contribution of cities in global energy use and CO2 emissions. The experts who contributed to this modeling and analysis are acknowledged in page 10 of World Energy Outlook 2008.
Contributors to Chapter 8: Energy Use in Cities (and Chapter 16 which shows cities’ CO2 emission)
Leticia Guimaraes University of Maryland, US
Stephen Hammer Columbia University, US
Stephen Kenihan ICLEI – Oceania, Australia
Lily Parshall Columbia University, US
Matthias Ruth University of Maryland, US
Niels Schulz Imperial College London, UK
Wayne Wescott ICLEI – Oceania, Australia
Key Findings:
- Cities contribute to 67% of world’s primary energy demand or equal to 7,903 Mtoe. Given the projected rate of urbanization, cities are expected to increase this share to 73% or 12,374 Mtoe by 2030 under reference scenario.
- In US, EU, and Australia and New Zealand, the per capita primary energy demand in cities are lower than the national averages. However, in China it is almost double (1.8 times). This is largely due to higher commercial energy use in cities that are largely due to higher income, affordability and accessibility of commercial energy in cities in developing countries. In China such gaps will be narrower by 2030 but rising urbanization will increase energy use substantially.
- Cities emitted 19.8 Gt of CO2 from energy use in 2006. This is 71% of global energy related CO2 emissions. Cities are expected to emit 30.8 Gt or 76% by 2030 under reference scenario. 89% of cumulative increase in 2006-2030 will come from cities of non-OECD countries.
- Chinese cities alone emit 4.8 Gt (or 24% of global city emission). This is more than total energy related CO2 emission of whole of Europe (4.06 Gt). European cities emit 2.7 Gt (14% of global city emission), and US cities emit 4.5 Gt (23% of global city emissions).
- In China, cities (means, urban areas here) contribute to 75% of primary energy demand of the country which is expected to rise to 83% as its urban population reaches 880 million by 2030. Cities of China (means, urban areas here) contribute to 85% of energy related CO2 emission of the country.
- 81% of addition increase (cumulative amount) in primary energy demand in cities from now to 2030 is expected to come from cities in non-OECD countries, primarily rapidly urbanizing countries such as China and India.
For more details on this publication or to order it, please go to the World Energy Outlook 2008 Web-page. The Table of Contents is available here.
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